Uromodulin Biology and Pathophysiology – An Update

non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: an update in pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy

Neutrophil biology: an update

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in bacterial killing as well as autoimmunity, because NETs contain proteases, bactericidal peptides, DNA and ribonucleoprotein. NETs are formed via a novel type of cell death called NETosis. NETosis is distinct from apoptosis, but it resembles necrosis in that both membranes are not intact so that they allow intracellular proteins to leak outsi...

The Pathophysiology of Moyamoya Disease: An Update

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular disease characterized by the progressive stenosis of large intracranial arteries and a hazy network of basal collaterals called moyamoya vessels. Because the etiology of MMD is unknown, its diagnosis is based on characteristic angiographic findings. Re-vascularization techniques (e.g., bypass surgery) are used to restore perfusion, and are the ...

Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update.

Excess intra-abdominal adipose tissue accumulation, often termed visceral obesity, is part of a phenotype including dysfunctional subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion and ectopic triglyceride storage closely related to clustering cardiometabolic risk factors. Hypertriglyceridemia; increased free fatty acid availability; adipose tissue release of proinflammatory cytokines; liver insulin resista...

Asthma update: epidemiology and pathophysiology.

Introduction Asthma continues to be the leading serious chronic illness among children, responsible for 10 million lost school days each year and costing more than $12 billion per year. Asthma is not a series of episodic events over time, but a state of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness that has variable manifestations within a given patient and between individuals. In this first of t...